The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the match between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net early on.
However, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to force the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.